Using Multiple Models to Learn about COVID-19

Furthermore, multiple scientific disciplines, such as immunology, genetics, epidemiology, and microbiology, contribute to our understanding of the pandemic. [...]COVID-19 is a complex socioscientific issue (SSI), meaning that science concepts related to the virus have real-world implications for problems in society (Zeidler 2014). SSI-based teaching and learning creates opportunities for students to grapple with real-world problems relevant to their own lives and that require consideration and evaluation of multiple, sometimes competing, factors associated with the issue. The modeling activities were embedded in a broader unit designed for high school biology classes;descriptions of the full unit and the individual modeling activities can be accessed online at https:// epiclearning.web.unc.edu/covid (Sadler et al. 2021). For this aspect of the work, we chose a Netlogo computer simulation (www.jacobkelter.com/infection-model) that allowed students to identify patterns and make sense of underlying cause-and-effect relationships associated with social distancing-two of the NGSS crosscutting concepts.

Scientific Intelligence: Recognising It to Nurture It.

Successful scientists need to think carefully about the particular aspect of the world around them they are investigating. They build on what is known in their area of science to identify how they might examine the issue or problem they are concerned with to offer further insights. Through investigating natural phenomena, they can solve problems and communicate new ways of looking at the world. Their work serves to address global and societal challenges and often offers improved ways of living. The ways that scientists' work can have implications for educational processes designed to prepare would-be scientists or scientifically aware citizens of the future. Eliciting reflections from experienced scientists recounting how they came to develop their scientific intellect, expertise and problem-solving know-how is useful to inform science education. This article reports on an aspect of a larger project involving 24 scientists specialising in biological or physical science research from Higher Education Institutions, located in either Manchester, Oxford or London. The study adopts a retrospective phenomenographical methodology and applies two fresh theoretical perspectives to eight in-depth interviews with professional scientists working in university departments involved in ground-breaking research. Conversations with the scientists were framed to explore the nature and extent of formal and informal learning influences affecting the development of their inventiveness and expertise in becoming scientists. The reified perspectives collated here show how a range of experiences have afforded expert scientists the opportunity to apply their intellectual capabilities. These kinds of demonstrable abilities have enabled them to scientifically contribute to being able to solve real-world problems. Additionally, a cross-case analysis of scientists' reported learning experiences could inform science education policy and practice.

The Irrationality of Rationality in Market Economics: A Paradox of Incentives Perspective

Current incentive structures are more favorably aligned with the world's problems than with their solutions. We conceptualize this as the paradox of incentives to argue the need for new thinking and restructuring of incentives to break the paradox during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond, and create new opportunities for societal transformation.

Language Teacher Preparation in a Pandemic: An International Comparison of Responses to COVID-19

The unprecedented challenges posed by the global COVID-19 pandemic risked seriously disrupting the continuous supply and preparation of new teachers that are desperately needed to fill world language teacher vacancies. To better understand how world language teacher preparation programs around the globe supported aspiring teachers in the successful completion of their teacher training, the researchers conducted a case study that investigated how world language teacher preparation programs on three different continents responded to the global pandemic. Results suggested that the programs were not equally prepared to navigate the pandemic and had similar, yet different responses to it. Contextual factors, such as national wealth, the prevalence of online instruction pre-pandemic, and the shortage of world language teachers influenced both program preparedness and the accommodations offered to teacher candidates. The results of the study should be considered when developing contingency plans to address future disruptions to program delivery and speak to the need for additional research investigating the impact of COVID-19 on teacher candidate performance and the performance of their future K-12 students.

Visuomenės ir ekspertų rizikos suvokimo skirtumai Lietuvoje: lokalūs rūpesčiai ir globalūs kontekstai 1

Šiuolaikiniame pasaulyje rizikos yra kompleksinės ir sisteminės, jų poveikis susijęs su transformacijomis įvairiuose socialinių sistemų sluoksniuose. Globalios problemos nebūtinai aktualizuojasi lokaliuose kontekstuose, o gyventojų suvokimas apie rizikas gali stipriai skirtis nuo ekspertinių vertinimų. Straipsnio tikslas - atskleisti Lietuvos gyventojų ir ekspertų nuomonių skirtumus apie ekonomines, ekologines, technologines, geopolitines bei socialines rizikas ir palyginti su Globalių rizikų ataskaitų vertinimais. Straipsnyje pristatomi reprezentatyvios Lietuvos gyventojų apklausos ir savivaldybių ekspertų internetinės apklausos rezultatai. Tyrimas atskleidė, kad ekspertų ir gyventojų vertinimai gana dažnai sutampa, ypač socialinių ir ekonominių grėsmių atveju. Didžiausi neatitikimai, kai ekspertai rizikas vertino kaip didesnes nei gyventojai, atskleisti COVID-19, potvynių, miško gaisrų, energijos sutrikimų, karo minų palikimo atvejais. Gyventojai didesnes rizikas nei ekspertai įvardijo eismo įvykių, asmenų neteisėto sekimo, neteisėto pasinaudojimo banko sąskaitomis ar kortelėmis, Astravo atominės elektrinės (AE) ir kainų kilimo klausimais. Lietuvos gyventojų ir savivaldybių ekspertų rizikų suvokimo tyrimas parodė, kad 2020-2021 m. dominavo ekonominės bei socialinės rizikos, o globalios, ilgalaikį poveikį turėsiančios rizikos, kaip ekologinės ar geopolitinės, neatsispindėjo lokaliame vertinime.Alternate :In the modern world, risks are complex and systemic, and their effects are interconnected with the transformations in different layers of social systems. Global issues are not necessarily reflected in local contexts, and public perceptions of risks may differ significantly from expert assessments. The aim of the article is to reveal the differences between the opinions of the Lithuanian population and experts on economic, environmental, technological, geopolitical and social risks, and to compare the differences between the opinions of local experts and Lithuanian public and the assessments of experts from the Global Risk Reports. The article presents the results of a representative survey of the Lithuanian population and an online survey of municipal experts. The results of the study show that expert and population perceptions quite often coincide, especially in the case of social and economic threats. The biggest discrepancies, when the experts assessed the risks as higher than the population, were revealed in the cases of COVID-19, floods, forest fires, energy disruptions, and the mines from war legacy. Public identified higher risks than experts in the case of traffic accidents, illegal tracking of persons, illegal use of bank accounts/cards, Astravets NPP, and increase in prices. In the perception of risks of Lithuanian population and municipal experts in 2020-2021 economic and social risks dominated, and global risks with long-term effects, such as ecological or geopolitical, were not reflected in the local perceptions.

Crisis of Multilateralism and Cities’ Helping Hand

This essay shows how cities are stepping into the role of nation-states and are efficiently cooperating with other cities, not only bilaterally but also multilaterally. There are clear symptoms of the crisis of multilateralism that have led cities to attempt to save or fix the multilateral system and solve global problems, notably the current COVID-19 pandemic. Can cities be regarded as a helping hand or as a fix for the multilateral system? With discourse analysis and formal-legal analysis, this article concludes that the answer to the question is positive – cities may help to fix or save the multilateral system.

THE EVOLUTION OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FASHION BRANDS AND SPANISH INFLUENCERS IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE PANDEMIC

In March 2020, the new SARS-CoV-2 virus arrived to stay amongst us, bringing the most important global pandemic known up to now. The entire world was affected by a health crisis that spread to all sectors of society, leading to company clousures, rises in unemployment rates and many changes in ordinary lifestyle. This pandemic has also had an impact on changes in society's consumption habits and a relevant increase in the use of social networks due to the months of lockdown, which has leaded to important changes in various areas and, specifically, in the fashion and influencers sector. In addition to the pandemic problem, there is the trouble of adapting to the new Spanish regulation, code of conduct on social networks, from January 2021. This research aims to analyze, using a mixed methodology, the changes produced in fashion influencers jobs before, during and after the pandemic, the evolution of fashion brands in digital media and new trends in influencer marketing that have been caused by this new situation. To do so, we have performed a content analysis and interviews with professionals from the fashion sector. Conclusions show a greater control of content, an increase in number of followers and a closer link with brands. Comparisons with the dynamic in other international markets, as well as the future adaptation of the professional activity to current regulations, are the most relevant questions to be addressed in order to be able to expand the study in the future.

From Greta to the Great Reset: Making Emergencies Work

This article examines the continuity of incidents linking Greta Thunberg to an ongoing stream of political shifts. It first takes us back to 1992 to her preteen predecessor, Severn Suzuki, and then forward to the COVID‐19 period and its consequences. The connecting thread that runs from 1992 to the present is the use of rhetoric to inspire terror in the population. Terror is used to promote acceptance of censorship and authoritarian restrictions that ironically interfere with the capacity of democracies to solve the problems confronting the world, such as climate change and pandemics. Elite actors create anxiety and terror to retain legitimacy in their control of narratives that preserve their power. This article shows how the World Economic Forum is transforming the acerbic language of Greta Thunberg into the basis for what is called the Great Reset, a set of policies that will enable the state and select businesses and NGOs to monitor and track the population and eliminate dissent. In short, when children are put in the world spotlight with a message, those who shine the light are the ones preventing real progress in solving problems.

You Don't Have To Be A Rocket Scientist

Using a project management lens and agile methodologies to enhance student employability skills and innovation Society values the vital role scientists and engineers play in solving urgent, real-world problems such as developing COVID-19 vaccines. The NGSS framework for Engineering Design articulates specific practices and disciplinary core ideas that work in conjunction with other science standards to equip today's youth to be solvers of tomorrow's problems: asking questions, defining problems, and developing and optimizing solutions (NGSS Lead States 2013). The Agile framework and classroom application Although Agile methods maximize team efficiency and the spirit of failing fast as an industry standard, teachers are generally not formally experienced with its processes and nomenclature. Benefits of sprint planning are that each student leaves the meeting knowing what specific priorities the team is responsible to complete together.

Access to Justice in an Age of Uncertainty

In countries like Australia, where the infection and death rates have been low compared to other parts of the world, lockdowns and social restrictions associated with limiting the spread of the virus have resulted in sharp increases in domestic and family violence, alcohol and substance abuse, mental health and physical health problems, job losses and business closures that are linked to unemployment, resulting in higher rates of poverty and homelessness (Carrington et al. 2021;Morley et al. 2021). In doing so, each of the author contributors have considered the following key questions: * Which individuals, social groups, communities or populations are particularly marginalised by the current context and why? * What are the ongoing, emerging and new barriers these groups face in accessing justice in the age of global uncertainty? * What social and political changes might be helpful in addressing the urgent social problems plaguing our world? * What key changes are required (to practice, policy or other mechanisms) that augment access to justice in the current context? While drawn from wide-ranging and diverse topics - the rise of recruitment fraud;the barriers academic staff face in supporting international students in the current neoliberal higher education sector that has been butchered since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic;and the challenges human services practitioners face in neoliberal organisations that have transitioned online work during COVID-19-related lockdowns at a time when this work became much more demanding and complex - not surprisingly, most submissions have focused on accessing basic human rights, such as economic security and affordable housing. In highlighting this important issue, they explain how offenders use employment advertisements to recruit would-be applicants to send personal information that compromises their fnancial security or to pay fees that then expose them to a range of violations, including identity theft and fraud.

Cyril Ramaphosa and the rhetoric of a coordinated African response to the Covid-19

The unprecedented effects of Covid-19 have been felt in the whole world. The impact of the pandemic has drawn sharp fault lines of the worlds inequalities. Covid-19 has changed the Global North and the Global Souths social life, respectively. Whilst Covid-19 appeared to spread rapidly in certain parts of the world, and it seemed as if the pandemic would spare Africa. The state of world affairs has made African governments feel uncomfortable. Some African governments have started making pronouncements given the long-standing grievances about the regions status in global affairs. African governments have seen that the threats of the spread of Covid-19 demands collective and individual action. The geopolitical tussle leaves the developing countries stranded in the new economic order. Covid-19 has shaken the foundations of various institutions and states. Africas profound failings are noticeable in public health, food security, governance and infrastructural development. Effective coordination of the Covid-19 crisis requires functioning state institutions, application of judiciary norms, and balancing power for the practice to adapt to the realities across the African continent. The second wave of Covid-19 requires the African Union to use this opportunity to integrate its economic pillars into the Africawide response strategy by using Regional Economic Communities (RECs) and the sub-regional blocs of African countries that have existed for decades. The paper concludes that various isolated efforts made by African countries to deal with the disease and the failure of the continent to adopt a coordinated effort in responding to Covid-19 remain a major challenge. It then recommends that there should be a coordinated approach that goes beyond the rhetoric espoused by South Africas President Cyril Ramaphosa in his capacity as AU Chairperson.

Ulam-Hyers-Rassias Stability of Nonlinear Differential Equations with Riemann-Liouville Fractional Derivative

Fractional derivatives are used to model the transmission of many real world problems like COVID-19. It is always hard to find analytical solutions for such models. Thus, approximate solutions are of interest in many interesting applications. Stability theory introduces such approximate solutions using some conditions. This article is devoted to the investigation of the stability of nonlinear differential equations with Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative. We employed a version of Banach fixed point theory to study the stability in the sense of Ulam-Hyers-Rassias (UHR). In the end, we provide a couple of examples to illustrate our results. In this way, we extend several earlier outcomes.

Post-Pandemic Global Development, Including in the Context of Eurasian Integration Processes

Makrov conveys that over the years, the Yalta Conference has become a necessary expert platform for discussing a wide range of international problems. Recommendations developed during these discussions are in high demand among experts, researchers, and political analysts. This conference is being held at a turbulent time. The year 2021 is drawing to a close. It is already clear that this was a difficult and to a certain extent watershed year. The world is still in the throes of the COVID-19 pandemic, which poses an unprecedented challenge to humanity. The novel coronavirus infection has been a shock to both the global economy and global politics. But most importantly, it has been a real test for millions of ordinary people. And although increasing vaccination rates help to mitigate the effects of the pandemic, it is already clear that normal life is still a long way off.

The impact of rural-urban migration and its effects on urbanisation in Kano State, Nigeria

One of the biggest world problems now is rural-urban migration, with about more than 50% of the total world's population living in urban centres. Looking at the world's virus pandemic of COVID-19 is spreading very fast;this is because of the congestion, unsanitary and high population in the urban centres. This paper highlights the problems of urbanisation in Kano State, and Nigeria as a whole. Relevant literatures were revised and conclusion and recommendation were deduced. Results show that migration problems resulted in the city over sprawl, deforestation, disturbance of wildlife, abandonment of cultural heritage, agricultural land, craftsmanship and loss of ancestral informal education and occupation. Therefore, it is recommended that rural areas of Kano State should be given special attention to reduce the rate of migration problem in urban centres around Kano State, Nigeria.

Life in Lockdown: Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Well-Being in the Time of COVID-19

COVID-19 lockdowns have significantly disrupted the daily lives of children and adolescents, with increased?time at home, online learning and limited physical social interaction. This report seeks to understand the immediate effects on their mental health. Covering more than 130,000 children and adolescents across 22 countries, the evidence shows?increased stress,?anxiety and depressive?symptoms, as well as increased alcohol and substance use, and externalizing behavioural problems. Children and adolescents?also reported?positive coping strategies, resilience, social connectedness through digital media, more family?time, and?relief from academic stress. Factors such as demographics, relationships and pre-existing conditions are critical. To ensure children and adolescents are supported, the report recommends building the evidence on the longer-term impact of the pandemic on child and adolescent mental health in low- and middle-income countries, including vulnerable populations.

Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic for Lifelong Learning

After more than a year of living with the COVID-19 pandemic, much experience has been accumulated by countries around the world. There have been many failures, and there have been some things that have gone well. Adult learning and education in some form has played a significant role in public health since, without the ongoing continuing educational interventions mainly via the mass media, the number of doctors and hospital beds would likely have been insufficient. In this paper we focus on the role of group behaviours in relation to the risk of contagion and we argue that any attempts to define a strategy to combat the pandemic must include a strong commitment to information dissemination and to the training of the populations in order to encourage behaviour change necessary to mitigate the spread of the virus. Against the backdrop of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, this article argues for commitment by governments to use adult learning and education as a tool for health prevention and health awareness and to prepare populations for whatever pandemics and national disasters that might emerge in the twenty-first century, the "century of pandemics". We therefore argue that populations must have at least a basic level of literacy and numeracy as foundational skills essential for enabling citizens to receive and act on vital information during a pandemic or disaster in order to engender greater resilience.

Parallel Lessons from Climate Change and COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has held a mirror to our society: exposing the cracks and blemishes of our many systems, highlighting the inequalities that exist, and revealing the disproportionate effects this disease has on definite segments of our communities. COVID-19 is considered a global emergency mirroring another ongoing global emergency: climate change which also impacts vulnerable sectors of our populations more significantly. It makes them more at risks to hazards and less likely to be able to adapt and recover from this environmental pandemic. Many of the issues currently faced by both emergencies stem from a historical imbalance in our communities and inherent social inequalities. It is further exacerbated by a growing disconnect between the pillars of sustainability: society, economy, and the environment. If we consider the parallels and links between the two global emergencies, we may gain insight into what our focus should be in order to help our world recover and prepare for a better new normal.